Ford Motor Company - Supply Chain Strategy :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An analysis of the current situation revealed the following issues in the current spply chain: Ø Information flow impaired beyond level one suppliers. Ø Development of Information Technology in the supplier base. Ø Competitors headed to a virtual organisation. The decision to be taken is whether to virtually integrate the supply chain (create a virtual marketplace accessible to authorised personnel) or carry on operating the traditional way automakers have. The recommendation is to virtually integrate by creating an online centre where for a small fee, using only an Internet browser suppliers will have access to the centre’s large database. This facility will be extended to dealers and customers. The implementation costs will be approximately, but there will be significant amount of savings by the way of purchase discounts and lower transaction costs on materials, and parts. Also as there is reduced buffer stock due to speedy real time information flow leading to reductions in inventory and storage costs. Additional revenue will be generated from transaction fees and advertisements placed. CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS PHYSICAL FLOW OF GOODS Ford has a large supplier base for material procurement in a complex network of business relationships. Ø The supply base consists of several tiers of suppliers. Ford directly deals with tier one suppliers and these deal with the next tiers. If feasible the lower tier suppliers ship materials directly to Fords’ manufacturing unit. Ø Long-term contracts with suppliers have been negotiated to ensure uninterrupted supply and minimum inventory levels. Ø Ford has provided its suppliers with techniques like Just-In-Time, (JIT) Total Quality Management (TQM) And Statistical Process Control (SPC). Ford benefits by procuring materials at reduced cost and supplier involvement in the company operations like design process, leading to cost saving for both parties. Ø The Ford Production System (FPS) is designed to make the operations leaner, efficient and more responsive to the customer needs, hence reducing production costs and improving profit margins. Ø The Regional mixing centres optimise schedules and delivery of finished vehicles via railway, to provide customers the right product at the right time and place, Ford Motor Company - Supply Chain Strategy :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An analysis of the current situation revealed the following issues in the current spply chain: Ø Information flow impaired beyond level one suppliers. Ø Development of Information Technology in the supplier base. Ø Competitors headed to a virtual organisation. The decision to be taken is whether to virtually integrate the supply chain (create a virtual marketplace accessible to authorised personnel) or carry on operating the traditional way automakers have. The recommendation is to virtually integrate by creating an online centre where for a small fee, using only an Internet browser suppliers will have access to the centre’s large database. This facility will be extended to dealers and customers. The implementation costs will be approximately, but there will be significant amount of savings by the way of purchase discounts and lower transaction costs on materials, and parts. Also as there is reduced buffer stock due to speedy real time information flow leading to reductions in inventory and storage costs. Additional revenue will be generated from transaction fees and advertisements placed. CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS PHYSICAL FLOW OF GOODS Ford has a large supplier base for material procurement in a complex network of business relationships. Ø The supply base consists of several tiers of suppliers. Ford directly deals with tier one suppliers and these deal with the next tiers. If feasible the lower tier suppliers ship materials directly to Fords’ manufacturing unit. Ø Long-term contracts with suppliers have been negotiated to ensure uninterrupted supply and minimum inventory levels. Ø Ford has provided its suppliers with techniques like Just-In-Time, (JIT) Total Quality Management (TQM) And Statistical Process Control (SPC). Ford benefits by procuring materials at reduced cost and supplier involvement in the company operations like design process, leading to cost saving for both parties. Ø The Ford Production System (FPS) is designed to make the operations leaner, efficient and more responsive to the customer needs, hence reducing production costs and improving profit margins. Ø The Regional mixing centres optimise schedules and delivery of finished vehicles via railway, to provide customers the right product at the right time and place,

Has Child Behavior Worsened Over the Years? Essay

â€Å"Is your child forgetful, irresponsible, moody, and prone to daydreaming? (Figure 1.1) Does he seem to lack motivation and become easily bored?† (Empowering Parents) Has the problem become worse than it was a year ago? A child’s behavior is defined solely by environmental factors such as; family, cultures, and everyday experiences. As a result, studies have shown that due to these factors, children’s behavior has become worse. â€Å"A child’s behavior may be a problem if it doesn’t match the expectations of the family or if it is disruptive.† (Family Doctor.org) Parents are children’s greatest role models. â€Å"Your children will see your example – positive or negative – as a pattern for the way life is to be lived.† (Rcmp.Grc.go) â€Å"The 1960 Census reported that nine percent of children lived in single parent families, compared with the 28% reported by 2000.† (Prb.org) In 2012, according to the Cen sus Bureau about 80% of children were raised by single mothers. Therefore, many disadvantages come from a single parent household. The American Academy of Pediatrics proposes that boys in a single household become more â€Å"aggressive† trying to full the â€Å"father’s role† in the household. If the mother is absent, the young girls try to become the â€Å"caretaker† looking out for her family. (Everydaylife.GlobalPost) This leads children to raise themselves, forcing them to give up their childhood. This also could lead them into trouble because the children wouldn’t know right from wrong which is leading up to child behavioral problems. Single parents are also often financially stressed, making it hard n children. Children will be able to read through your stress and as they grow older, some would want to help. This will lead the children into desperation – causing them to steal or maybe bringing in dirty money, money they have earned illegally. Parents today are also becoming younger and younger. Kids raising kids is drastic. The cons of this are these young parents trying to be friends with their children instead of coaching them. Everything these young parents listen to or do, they will let their children do the same, thinking this act is â€Å"cute.† Many people with argue that child behavior has improved because of education, the technology is better. â€Å"Education is great. Education is by far better today than a hundred years ago! The fields of learning have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. The Education now is a better  than before. We are not beaten and now we can use internet for Education.† – Alisham2002 (Debate.org) Though technology has improved, and today’s education is better, this has nothing to do with the behavior of this generation. Technology is a downfall; kids have access to everything and are actually becoming too independent on electronics. Culture and everyday experiences such as music and video games have had a huge impact of children’s behavior. Music videos and games have become extremely explicit. I’ve known and seen children dance provocatively and cussing up a storm like the rappers does. Whereas, my mom would have never went for that! In conclusion, child behavior has worsened over the years because of single parenting in households, teen parenting, and today’s music and culture. In earlier years, there was a limit to all of these things. There could be a passcode on your TV so no child would witness th ese explicit things. Today, parenting is terrible and so is children’s behavior. Works Citied: â€Å"Dealing With An Angry, Acting-Out Child?† Parenting Articles about Arguing & Fighting. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"What You Can Do to Change Your Child’s Behavior.† Health Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"The Rise-and Fall?-of Single-Parent Families.† The Rise-and Fall?-of Single-Parent Families. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"Family Issues for Single Parents.† Everyday Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. .

Power of Peer Pressure Essay - 683 Words

Power of Peer Pressure Peer pressure can be used in many ways. Animal Farm is an allegory by George Orwell. It is about farm animals that weren’t satisfied of how their farm is run so they rebel. They make 7 commandments being â€Å"All animals are equal† the most important one. The book shows how total equality is hard to achieve and power corrupts. The novel uses peer pressure to control and manipulate what is happening on the farm. It is evident on how the action of the animals changes. It is evident on how Boxer’s way of thinking changes. It is also evident in the actions of the sheep and what it does to the other animals. Peer pressure plays a big role in this novel. The pigs use peer pressure to greatly influence the†¦show more content†¦Another motto that Boxer has is that â€Å"Napoleon is always right.† When Napoleon says something, even though it is not proper, Boxer is always the one who believes it first. Again, because of Boxer’s reputation in the farm whatever he does, the animals tend to follow and in turn it benefits the pigs’ ambitions. On the other hand, not only Boxer was the one who pressures the animals, the sheep, who was used by the pigs, also took part in pressuring the animals. The sheep are being used by the pigs to pressure the other animals. The sheep are not that smart therefore they can easily follow someone or be used in the wrong way. The pigs teach the sheep chants to say. This shows how the pigs use their intelligence to persuade and pressure the sheep in doing what they want. Due to these chants the sheep say, protests coming from the animals were stopped and some were stopped even before they were started. The chant that is being used is to pressure the animals into stopping the protests. The sheep also were used to chant until the animals accept these chants. The repetition of these chants annoys and pressures the animals into accepting them. This is how peer pressure was used by the pigs using the sheep. Peer pressure plays a big role in this novel. It is being used to manipulate and control the animals. It also being used to control and manipulate the sheep and Boxer in specific. However, Boxer and the sheep becomes an instrument that pressures the other animalsShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Power of Peer Pressure906 Words   |  4 Pagesplace humans in the midst of peer pressure; this idea of peer pressure will play a contributing part for all humans and certainly can override a person’s moral beliefs. To ascertain the strength of peer pressure on humans, numerous experiments were conducted that placed humans in undesirable situations along with historical events that apply to peer pressure. A man by the name of Stanley Milgram, Yale University psychologist, decided to test the power of peer pressure on humans in 1961. In hisRead MoreThe Destructive Power of Peer Pressure Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pages Peer pressure and acts of mass blind obedience are all too common occurrences in our everyday society. A person, who under any other circumstances would never act in such a way, will commit unthinkable acts when backed by a single person or even worse, a large mass of individuals. It’s almost always destructive, and the person or persons involved usually always end up feeling regretful and bewildered by their actions. When thinking about group peer pressure, there are several otherRead MoreStanley Milgram s Theory Of Group Conformity, The Power Of Peer Pressure1333 Words   |  6 PagesPh.D. Milgram was interested in social issues when it came to sociology. Milgram spent 1959-1960 at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton with Solomon As ch. Solomon Asch was known for his classic experiment of group conformity, the power of peer pressure: the Asch experiment. In this experiment it required individuals to select lines judged to be the same size. The correct choices that would have been made were offset by counterfeit alternatives that were selected by the Asch himself. TheseRead MoreThe Pressue is On: The Impacts of Peer Pressure in Julius Caesar by Shakespeare905 Words   |  4 Pages Listening to peer pressure has the power to shift one’s fate. William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, demonstrates how pressuring a man to execute an atrocity will have a detrimental impact on his life. As a scheme forms to overthrow a rising emperor and his followers, the men in the conspiracy of murdering Caesar create more damage than value. Eventually, the rising tension to kill an upcoming ruler creates a downfall of the Roman Empire, a breaking of trust among companions, and the deathRead MorePeer Pressure In Adolescence Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesare important issues throughout the lifespan, specifically during adolescence. 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When we thinkRead MoreEssay on Resisting Negative Peer Pressure801 Words   |  4 Pagesenough, but when other people get involved and pressure you to make a certain choice, it can be much harder. What is peer pressure? Peer pressure is the influence of a social group on an individual. It is one thing that all teens have in common. You cant escape it. It is everywhere. No matter how popular you are or how together you feel, sooner or later you will have to face peer pressure. Teenagers feel social pressure to conform to the group of peers with whom they socialize. This can influenceRead MorePeer Pressure1468 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Peer pressure is a social influence exerted on an individual by others in order to get that person to act or believe in a similar way. It is used by a social group, often with the implication that everybodys doing it. This influence can be negative or positive, with a successful result being a change in a persons behavior. Nearly all children experience some form of peer pressure, whether at school, at church or at home among siblings. As a kind of social pressure, it dominatesRead MorePositive Effects of Peer Pressure Essay561 Words   |  3 PagesPositive Effects of Peer Pressure When you think of the words â€Å"peer pressure’, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Majority of us would say that peer pressure is an influence from friends or classmates to do something risky that results in delinquent activities. Some people conform to such ways because as they say, â€Å"Everyone is doing it.† What if I told you that there is a positive side to peer pressure? Yes, you can be pressured into making the right choices. It can teach you to be matureRead MoreTeenagers And Social Media1081 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry. Teens have the power to change our technology and our world for good with technology however if they aren’t taught what not to do they can also make it worse. Perhaps the thing teens are the most influential over are other teens. Peer pressure is very prominent with teenagers and most of it isn’t very good. The most influential of teenagers can make other teens make decisions that hey don’t want to make this could be smoking doing drugs or drinking alcohol. Peer pressure isn’t bad in every

It and Internets Impact on Tourism and Hospitality...

IT and Internet s Impact on Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Implementations of technologies for Hilton Hotels Group. Demonstrate critical and evaluative interpretation and application of theoretical IT/ e-business concepts to a current tourism and hospitality market situation in order to build sustainable competitive advantage. I Introduction Accompanying the technological revolution of the 1990s there are many new opportunities and challenges for the tourism and hospitality industries. Since tourism, global industry information is its life-blood and technology has become fundamental to the ability of the industry to operate effectively and competitively. Poon (1993) suggests that the whole system of information technologies is†¦show more content†¦The Internet is now firmly established as a marketing tool. It serves as an integral part of the marketing mix, serving as a digital distribution channel as well as an electronic storefront. Consumers in the Internet medium are more than just passive recipients in the marketing process. The Internet is an interactive medium as opposed to traditional marketing which usually allows only one-way communication from marketer to consumer 1.0 PEST ANALYSIS 1.1 POLITICAL / LEGAL Government policies can have a dramatic effect on the Internet and its potential development, by introducing new policies and limitations. The privacy and security issues are also very significant. Therefore, Internet providers have to consider ethical matters and the usage of personal data stored within the networks. For the full commercial potential of electronic commerce and Internet to be exploited by the tourism industry and its consumers, several issues have to be considered, which include an increase of security of transmissions, copyright issues, reduction of user confusion and dissatisfaction, establishment of pricing structures for distribution of information and reservations and enhancement of the standardisation of information and reservation procedures. Credibility and accountability of the information needs to be secured and equal access for smaller and larger partners should be developed. Tourism organizations deploying IT andShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthat were spent to create organizations that never earned a profit and were often hugely unsuccessful as business entities. However, this enormous cost to some companies also created beneficial impacts for many other companies in dealing with these fundamental wide-ranging issues. These beneficial impacts had an enormous effect in galvanizing fundamental business innovation in companies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation

Ocean Carriers Example

Essays on Ocean Carriers Coursework Finance and Accounting 7th February, The foremost objectives of this analysis are to forecast cash flows and calculate net present value of the company. It also involves calculating internal rate of return, pay back period and discounted pay back period rate. It also involves an analysis on sensitivity analysis on Net Present Value (NPV). Project Cash flows Revenues=Daily hire rate*days hired=20,000*(365*3) =20,000*1,095= 21,900,000 Minus: operating expenses= daily operating expenses*365=$4000*365= (1,460,000) Minus: depreciation= (39,000,000/25) +1/5*500000*(t-1) =1560000+ (100000*0.97) = (1,657,000) operating income (earnings before interest and tax) EBIAT= 18,783,000 Minus: Taxes= 18,783.000*(1-0.35) = 18,783,000*0.65= 12,208,950 Earnings before Interest after Tax = 12,208,950 Plus: Depreciation= 1,460,000 Minus: Capital expenditure (300,000) Minus: Change in net working capital (500,000) Plus: After tax proceeds from sales of equipment = sales price- Tax rate*(sales price-Book value) = 5,000,000-0.35*(5000000-(39000000-1,460,000) = 5000000- 0.35(5000000-37540000) = 5000000+11,389,000 = 16,389,000 = 29,257,950 Cash flow = $ 29,257,950 Ocean carriers as a US firm is a viable project because it will have positive cash flows; therefore, the project should be established because it will add value to the company. Miss Linn should purchase the capsize vessel since it will be profitable to the company. Ocean carriers based in Hong Kong will have high and positive cash flow; therefore, it should be accepted. The tax exemption increases the profits of the company. This makes it even more viable (Pollio, p74). Internal Rate of Return The internal rate of return of this venture is greater than the cost of investment and; therefore the project should be accepted in the case of Ocean carriers being a USA company. This shows that the company will be able to settle its obligations in time. The project will have immediate benefits and return to capital. In the case of being a Hong Kong company, the project should not be accepted because the rate of return is less than the cost of capital of the company. This means the project will take a long time before it benefits the company (Pollio, p79). Payback period and discounted rates The project will take long in the US case before it pays back its obligation. This is as a result of taxation and other challenges that affect the company. The discounted pay back period rates of the company are high meaning that they can not reinvest their profits back in the business as it will affect the company’s operation; therefore, the company will destabilizes. The company will take long to break even which is not a promising analysis to new project. In case of Hong Kong, the pay back period is short. This means that the company will take a short time to pay its debts. This will add on to the high rate of return to capital. This analysis means that the project is viable and should be accepted because will create a positive reputation of the company. The discounted pay back period of the company is positive meaning that it will take a diminutive time for the project to break even which makes the project most viable and; therefore; acceptable (Pollio, p83). Sensitivity analysis There might be errors in the process of analyzing the project. This might make the project viable when it is not. It is therefore, advisable to consider the risk factor in the analysis which eliminates errors. The sensitivity analysis would not have changed the decision to accept the project (Pollio, p85). In conclusion, the project in both cases is viable and should be accepted since it will be profitable to the company. The case of Hong Kong will break even at an early stage; therefore, it is most viable Works Cited Pollio, Gerald. International project Analysis and Financing. Michigan: University of Michigan, 1999. Print.

Paraguay Essay Free Essays

Mushfika Chowdhury Ms. Vives Spanish Paraguay Paraguay is a country in South America. It is surrounded by Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia. We will write a custom essay sample on Paraguay Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people know Paraguay as Paraguay, but the country s official name is Republic of Paraguay. In 2011 it has said that Paraguay has approximately a population of 6,568,290. Most people are living in the oriental region. The country’s official language is Spanish as well as Guarani. The oriental eastern region has hills, waterfalls, exotic plants and the forest. This region makes up 40 percent of Paraguay. This part of Paraguay receives a large amount of rainfall. The region known as occidental also known as Chaco, is made up of grass, course tropical reeds and stunned trees. Some of Paraguay’s natural resources include forest soil, minerals, and the rivers. The rivers are important because tis how most people in Paraguay communicate, it also provides fish. The main industry is farming livestock, cotton, cane, corn, soybeans, potatoes, bananas, oranges, wheat, beans, tea and tobacco. That was the farming and food recourses of Paraguay. When it comes to the government and money there’s not that many similarities. Some of you may or may not know that the former president of Paraguay was Fernando Lugo (2008-2012). It wasn’t that many days ago that a new president for Paraguay was elected, his name is Mr. Franco. The currency used in Paraguay is Guarani. One dollar in the United States is 4,095. 58 Guarani. One Paraguay Guarani equals to 0. 0002442 cents in the U. S. You also might be wondering what type of government Paraguay has. Well its constitutional republic. I would also recommend you taking a camera if you ever go there, the sites and scenery is breathtaking. How to cite Paraguay Essay, Essay examples

Two Hacking Incidents JP Morgan (Bank) and Sony Pictures

Questions: 1. Sony Pictures hacked, confidential emails and films leaked? 2. JP Morgan hack affects most US citizens? Answers: Introduction This report is on two stories; the first one is about Sony pictures been hacked and the second one is about JP Morgan, an American bank been hacked. Both the two scenarios were caused due to the malicious activities of the hackers. Sony has faced this kind of situation earlier and yet they did not tighten their network security. The company should enforce good networking systems. The second organization JP Morgan bank; individual details were leaked in public. They should have hired ethical hackers so that the network security could have been better. The Company should incorporate ethical hacking in their system to stop this kind of hacking incidents. These hacking incidents can ruin the reputation of the company and damage their clients evidently (Goldstein, 2010). Actor Network Theory Actor network theory or ANT is concerned with the procedures by which investigative question get to be shut, thoughts acknowledged, instruments and techniques embraced - that is, with how choices are made about what is known. Actor: Any component which curves space around itself, makes other components subordinate upon itself and decipher their will into the dialect it could call its own. Actor Network: A varied network of allied interests 1. Sony Pictures hacked, confidential emails and films leaked Hackers attacked Sony pictures in November 2014. This incident led the company to take decision of turning of their systems. Actants: Hackers; Sony (company) How the actants are acting: It was yet another hit to Sony, which does not have the best notoriety for security, taking after a series of assaults against its PlayStation Network. As insights about the assault rose, it has to be clear that data extends from representative subtle elements - including individual data and messages of big names - to unreleased movies being made open. The assault against Sony Pictures prompted the FBI cautioning US organizations that hackers have utilized vindictive programming to dispatch "damaging" assaults against American associations. At the season of composing, there are no reports about the criminal. North Korea was blamed for this incident at first because the company has made a film about the attempt to assassinate the leader of the country. However, North Korea is denying of any involvement in this incident. Whoever executed the assault, it has been yet another humiliating security episode for Sony. Who is a hacker: In the context of computer security, hacker is somebody who looks for and abuses shortcomings in a PC framework or PC system. A huge number of reasons, for example: benefit, dissent, challenge, enjoyment, or to assess those shortcomings to help with evacuating them may propel programmers (Mcfedries, 2010). The subculture that has advanced around programmers is frequently alluded to as the PC underground and is currently a known group. While different employments of the word programmer exist that are identified with PC security, for example, alluding to somebody with a propelled comprehension of PCs and PC systems, they are infrequently utilized as a part of standard connection. They are liable to the longstanding programmer definition contention about the term's actual significance. In this debate, the term programmer is recovered by PC software engineers who contend that somebody who breaks into PCs, whether computer security expert (white hats) or computer criminal (black hats), is all the more fittingly called a cracker. How cyber crime is controlled: The penetration and attack tests are run in the company can distinguish those powerless focuses in the system that can be effortlessly gotten to from both outer and inward clients (Engebretson, 2010). In the wake of recognizing these centers, you would have the ability to thwart strikes from external sources and right the pitfalls that could transform into the section demonstrate for gatecrashers hack into your framework. The test must be done from both the internal and outside perspectives to recognize all the powerless core interests (Forte, 2010). Acquaint true blue sifting programming activities with perceive all area centers from the web into the internal arrangement of the association. Any attack to the framework needs to start from these core interests (Farsole, Kashikar and Zunzunwala, 2010). Perceiving these segments concentrate however, a straightforward errand is not in the smallest degree. It is perfect to take the help of skilled good softw are engineers who have taken phenomenal framework security get ready to perform this errand adequately. Why the company should use ethical hacking: The Company should incorporate ethical hacking in their system to stop this kind of hacking incidents. These hacking incidents can ruin the reputation of the company and damage their clients evidently. To safeguard their reputation ethical hacking should be introduced in their system. Each and every possible step must be taken to make each one of the customers of the framework aware of the pitfalls of security and the critical security practices to minimize these threats. The organization can coordinate the social-building tests to center the customer care. Until each one of the customers is aware of particular variables related to the framework, affirmation isn't possible in the honest to goodness sentiment the term. 2. JP Morgan hack affects most US citizens JP Morgan is one of the largest banks in America, it was attacked by the hackers in 2014. The information of the customers were traded off by the criminals. Actants: Hackers; JP Morgan (Assaulted organization); Customers How the actants are acting: A virtual assault on JPMorgan Chase traded off the report of seventy six million families and 7 million little companies, a tally that people past evaluations by the bank and puts the disruption among the largest ever. The subtle elements of the break uncovered in a securities recording on 2014 developed during an era when buyer trust in the automated operations of commercial America is shaken. Various different retailers and Home depot have maintained significant information ruptures. The data of 70 million others and 40 million cardholders were traded off at Target a year ago, while an assault at Home Depot in September influenced fifty six million cards. Perhaps if JP Morgan have utilized moral hacking methods that was utilized by the Bank of England, something that could have maybe kept one of the biggest information ruptures ever. The digital assaults against the bank at first happened in August, which prompted the FBI testing Russian government connections to the JP Morgan hack. On the other hand, paying little mind to who completed the assault, the outcomes were to a great degree extensive, with the names, locations, telephone numbers and email locations of 76 million family units and seven million little business records uncovered. What is ethical hacking: Ethical hacker is a networking and computer administration specialist who efficiently actions to enter a PC system for its owners with a goal of discovering vulnerabilities in security that malevolent hackers could possibly abuse (Bodhani, 2012). Ethical hacker utilize the same strategies and methods to test and detour a framework's resistances as their less-principled partners, but instead than exploiting any vulnerabilities discovered, they record them and give significant counsel on the best way to alter them so the association can enhance its general security. Why JP Morgan should have used Ethical hacking: The reason for ethical hacking is to assess the security of a system or framework's base In-text:(Beaver, 2010). It involves discovering and endeavoring to misuse any vulnerability to figure out if unapproved access or different pernicious exercises are conceivable. Vulnerabilities have a tendency to be found in poor or uncalled for framework design, known and obscure equipment or programming defects, and operational shortcomings in procedure or specialized countermeasures. One of the first cases of moral hacking happened in the 1970s, when the United States government utilized gatherings of specialists called "red groups" to hack its own PC frameworks (Palmer, 2001). It has turn into a sizable sub-industry inside of the data security showcase and has extended to likewise cover the physical and human components of an association's resistances. An effective test does not fundamentally mean a system or framework is 100 percent safe, yet i t ought to have the capacity to withstand computerized assaults and untalented programmers. Any association that has a system joined with the Internet or gives an online administration ought to consider subjecting it to an infiltration test. Different guidelines, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard oblige organizations to direct entrance testing from both an inside and outside point of view on a yearly premise and after any huge change in the framework or applications. Conclusion This report is on the two hacking incidents that took place in JP Morgan (bank) and Sony Pictures. These two incidents were caused due to lack in the security system or the good and advanced knowledge of the cyber criminals. Both these incidents could have been avoided if the networking of these organizations would have been better. They can employ ethical hackers who would find the loopholes in their system and try to fix the problem or report them to the organization. The purpose behind ethical hacking is to survey the security of a framework or structure's base. It includes finding and attempting to abuse any defenselessness to make sense of if unapproved access. References Beaver, K. (2010).Hacking for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub. Bodhani, A. (2012). Bad... in a good way [ethical hacking].Engineering Technology, 7(12), pp.64-68. Cache, J., Wright, J. and Liu, V. (2010).Hacking exposed wireless. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cloud Security and Privacy * Hacking * iPhone SDK Development. (2010).ITNOW, 52(2), pp.28-28. Engebretson, P. (2010).The basics of hacking and penetration testing. Waltham, MA: Elsevier. Farsole, A., Kashikar, A. and Zunzunwala, A. (2010). Ethical Hacking.International Journal of Computer Applications, 1(10), pp.14-20. Forte, D. (2010). Preventing and investigating hacking by auditing web applications.Network Security, 2010(2), pp.18-20. Goldstein, H. (2010). Hacking for humanity.IEEE Spectr., 47(2), pp.33-34. Hacking popular among students. (2010).Network Security, 2010(9), p.20. Koch, C. (2010). A smart vision of brain hacking.Nature, 467(7311), pp.32-32. Mcfedries, P. (2010). Hacking the planet [technically speaking.IEEE Spectr., 47(8), pp.23-23. Palmer, C. (2001). Ethical hacking.IBM Syst. J., 40(3), pp.769-780. Philipp, A., Cowen, D. and Davis, C. (2010).Hacking exposed computer forensics. New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. Wilhelm, T. (2010).Professional penetration testing. Rockland, Mass.: Syngress.