Cause and Effects of Global Warming Essay Example

Cause and Effects of Global Warming Paper We all know that it is bad but because most people don’t know what to do to help their environment. Well its the simple things like recycling and reducing your carbon-foot print. All these things if each person contributes we can make a better world not just for us but for our children and our grandchildren. Cause and Effects of Global Warming Global warming it’s the increase in the average temperature on Earth. Temperature on earth is controlled by the oceans, the average temperature is fifty-five degrees and if it were to increase or decrease in either direction than it would be the point of no return. The increase of temperature is caused by the release of CO (carbon-dioxide), the methane which both act as greenhouse gases, and the melting of the glaciers are a result. The reason for all this is human interference and disregard for Mother Nature and her limits. Cause 1 Carbon-dioxide is a gas that is released from burning fossil fuels for us most commonly known as oil. When it is burned in the engine of cars a process called combustion which has a byproduct of CO Burning up in combustion†). CO is also released from industries, though they filter what they release it is still harmful to the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effects of Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effects of Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effects of Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Carbon-dioxide is still a greenhouse gas (â€Å"What is carbon, and what it does to the environment is real even if some people chose not to except this carbon-dioxide is still going to effect the environment. It’s our fault that global warming is increasing, so it falls on us to help earth cool down. Carbon-dioxide causes an increase in earth’s global temperature by trapping the heat which is received from the sun which in turn increases the temperature this is called the greenhouse effect. However Carbon-dioxide is not the only cause of the increase in the Earth’s global temperature. Methane is a major contributor to Global Warming. Cause 2 Methane is a greenhouse gas that is mainly from animals expelling gas. While the gas expelled contains many other gases like nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon-dioxide, oxygen, and of course methane. Methane is just like any other greenhouse gas except it is mostly concentrated in agriculture. It is the cows, pigs and goats (Kate Melville) that are fed corn and other grains they get very gassy and â€Å"pass gas† and it is now a major cause of global warming. It is because the agriculture is such a big business and since most of America eats meat to meet that demand the farmers have to raise more cattle and in urn the more cattle there is than the more gas there that is being released. Most people wouldn’t think that they are hurting the environment with what they do every day, eating meat however it is not major because animals would do this anyways right. Well yes to a point but since agriculture is so concentrated that it is having a major impact and this could all be stopped if we all limit how much meat we eat. I have talked on and on about these different gases well why do you care it getting a little hotter well the increase in temperature is having other effects indirectly and we have all heard of this n the news at one point or another and I?s the melting of the glaciers. Cause 3 and Effect Though we have talked about greenhouse gases and what is releasing them, and what they have caused, We have not talked about what happens when the temperature does increase what effect is there to the environment. The increase in temperature cause the glaciers to melt and the melting cause the rocks to show under the ice sheet under Antarctica which heat up becau se of the exposure to the sun. This will cause the ice to melt more causing a reaction that repeats it’s self. They call this a positive feedback loop it means hat it is â€Å"an action that causes a reaction and the reaction causes more of the action, which in turn causes more reaction and so forth†. (Rachel Sway. 2010). The rate of this happening is also increasing because of the hole in the ozone. The ozone is a thin layer of gas that contains 03. The hole in the ozone is caused but the release of Cuff’s or Chlorofluorocarbons Annie Allen). Cuff’s have been banned in the United States for twenty years, countries all around the world also agreed to stop the use of Cuff’s called the Kyoto protocol (Up radiation 2010) but they are still in use in developing Mounties like China and India, however this is only in small amounts and illegally. The ozone layers purpose is to block out UP (ultra violet) rays, they block 99% of UP rays. Now because of the hole the amount of XIV rays entering the earth has increased and this can have major impacts on humans and animals (Up radiation,† 201 0) because the UP rays mutate our DNA. This does not mean that we will mutate and grow a third arm or leg however it can cause skin cancer and cataract. While the uses of Cuff’s have been banned it is our duty as citizens of the world to make sure that other countries adhere to the contract that they signed.

Free Essays on The Best Years Of My Life

Looking back now, I can see that people were right when they said that my high school years would be the best years of my life. Most teenagers complain that their lives are unfair and that high school is the worst part. I know this to be true because I have done my share of complaining. Even though I have many responsibilities, probably more than most people my age, my teenage high school years have been very carefree and enjoyable compared to future years as an adult and I have learned many life lessons through out my years in high school that will prepare me for many of life’s challenges. I know that even though I have complained and have looked forward to graduating, I will miss being in school. So, I have to say that my high school years are the best years of my life. If an individual really thinks about it, their high school years are some of the best years of their life. While teenagers are still in high school and living at home, they do not have to worry about having money to by lunch, clothes, gas, or anything else, unlike when one graduates and moves out on their own. As a rule, teenagers do not have to worry about whether a certain bill has to be paid on this day and another bill on that day. They do not have to worry about not getting their electric bill paid by a certain day of the month so that their lights are not turned off or they do not have house payments or medical bills or many of the responsibilities that occur later in life. Some teenagers have a summer job that they have had for several years, while others have a fulltime job everyday after school, and then there are the ones that have no job at all. In my case, I have that fulltime job and work more then most my age. I have had a job of some sort, since I was about five years old, whether it be running a ride, game or concession trailer for a friend that owns a carnival, working for my mother running games or concessions, or working for myself r... Free Essays on The Best Years Of My Life Free Essays on The Best Years Of My Life Looking back now, I can see that people were right when they said that my high school years would be the best years of my life. Most teenagers complain that their lives are unfair and that high school is the worst part. I know this to be true because I have done my share of complaining. Even though I have many responsibilities, probably more than most people my age, my teenage high school years have been very carefree and enjoyable compared to future years as an adult and I have learned many life lessons through out my years in high school that will prepare me for many of life’s challenges. I know that even though I have complained and have looked forward to graduating, I will miss being in school. So, I have to say that my high school years are the best years of my life. If an individual really thinks about it, their high school years are some of the best years of their life. While teenagers are still in high school and living at home, they do not have to worry about having money to by lunch, clothes, gas, or anything else, unlike when one graduates and moves out on their own. As a rule, teenagers do not have to worry about whether a certain bill has to be paid on this day and another bill on that day. They do not have to worry about not getting their electric bill paid by a certain day of the month so that their lights are not turned off or they do not have house payments or medical bills or many of the responsibilities that occur later in life. Some teenagers have a summer job that they have had for several years, while others have a fulltime job everyday after school, and then there are the ones that have no job at all. In my case, I have that fulltime job and work more then most my age. I have had a job of some sort, since I was about five years old, whether it be running a ride, game or concession trailer for a friend that owns a carnival, working for my mother running games or concessions, or working for myself r...

Women Heads of States in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women Heads of States in Latin America - Essay Example More so, there were virtually no female heads of state in Latin America as late as the 1980s. Nevertheless, beginning the 1990s to present, the number of women in executive positions and especially as presidents in Latin America has increased drastically. In this essay we look at two women who have made political impact in Latin America, both in the 20th and 21st centuries. We briefly look at Evita Peron, a 20th century woman and the role she played in shaping the future for Latin American women of the 21st century. Secondly, we look more extensively at Michelle Bachelet, her presidency in Chile and how she has continually championed for women rights. Evita Peron was the most influential woman in Latin American history until the late 20th century. Although Evita never officially held a post in the executive, she was a powerful advocate of women rights in the political arena. Until her death in 1952, Evita was actively engaged in designing policies intended to benefit women in Argenti na. In association with other feminists, Evita formed the â€Å"Peronist Feminist Party† that was designed to help women ascend the political ladder and occupy important political posts (Keen & Haynes, pp. 383). In the social sector, Evita founded a charitable organization that gave financial and legal aid to disadvantaged women in Argentina.

Management - Class Reflection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management - Class Reflection - Research Paper Example The last and the most important area is the way to write a flawless dissertation in a cohesive way. The Course Content and Outcome This course has provided me in depth knowledge into the various aspects of research process, and also various forms of research. Evidently, the course gives adequate knowledge about the various aspects of research according to American Psychological Association. It also teaches how to do literature review, various aspects of grammar, and also how to develop a good dissertation. The very first thing I learnt is the use of action research. Contrary to my view that research is something different from doing things practically, the course made me learn how it is possible to ‘learn while doing’ through action research. Also, for the first time, I realized that action research is different from other forms of research in the fact that it turns the people involved into active researchers too. Te researchers do things, observe changes, make modificat ions, and try again until a solution is reached. As Greenwood (1999, pp. 85-87) points out, the research takes place in real life situations and the solutions too come out in real life situations; not in just theory as it often happens with other forms of research. Also, I gained the idea how important it is to have the principles of reflexive critique. As Mike (2007) states, the term ‘reflexive critique’ means to reflect on issues and processes and to make explicit the interpretations, biases, assumptions, and concerns upon which judgments are reached. This is important to do because truth is relative to the teller. This helps developing theoretical considerations from practical accounts. In addition are the factors like dialectical critique and collaborative resources. Thus, I learnt the fact that action research is very useful in such real life situations like a workplace to solve real life problems. As Rehm and Cebula (1996, pp. 1-3) point out, another vital point i s the use of the Search Conference tool which can be effectively utilized in various organizations. Two other research areas explained are qualitative research and quantitative research. Sukamolson (n.d) opines that while qualitative research is about counting and measuring things, producing averages and differences in numbers. Qualitative research stems from social science and hence, is more concerned about people’s knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and fears. In addition, the course made me understand how qualitative research is more useful in identifying a large number of hidden attitudes and values that will be missed in qualitative research. For example, while quantitative research will help in identifying a trend, qualitative research will be required to find the reason behind that trend (QSR International, 2011). In addition, the study gave an insight into various forms of data collection in qualitative research. They are focus groups, direct observation, and i n depth interviews. Some other methods used in qualitative research are diary methods, role play, simulations, and case studies. Also the course helped me understand how difficult it is to conduct an extensive qualitative research as it is more labor intensive than other forms of research. Some other problems as connected to qualitative research are lack of generalizability, possibility of research bias influencing the observation, and poor reproducibility of the

Women In Management (Interview, Biography and Case Study) Essay

Women In Management (Interview, Biography and Case Study) - Essay Example I had a previous experience in sales though. I belonged to the Information Technology CBU (Client Business Unit) and I did enjoy my job for sometime. This was until our manager began to press us for rising sales figures.† The organization where Jessica belongs is essentially a research oriented consultant firm. The function of such an organization is to engage a section of the work force in writing reports and hence the organization would publish them in regular intervals. Jessica has appeared in both in the print and visual media with her expansive knowledge in all subjects and not just pertaining to IT or health. She seems to have specialized in all of them. As she puts it in her words: â€Å" This is not the time to criticize the Jack of all trades, rather the time calls for a Master of all trades. Therefore all children needs to be encouraged to master themselves in all the fields as many areas as possible†. Perhaps that is what she wanted to incorporate in her personality. She reveals how, the decision of her career was influenced by the surprises offered by life and the challenges, which she had to overcome. When it comes to her family life, Jessica is equally frank and honest. She lives in a two-room apartment in California with her two daughters – Sarah is 12 years old and Nancy is 2 years younger than her. Jessica seems to have joined the organization just after Nancy’s birth. When asked about her husband, she humbly admits, â€Å"I am perhaps not intelligent enough to sustain a successful marriage.† She is but surely a successful mother. Divorced from her husband around 9 years back, she raises her two daughters single handedly. â€Å"There was a governess for the initial years, but I would like them to grow up independently. Besides, Sarah is growing up now and enjoys taking care of her younger sister. The kids are far more responsible and matured than their age†, says Jessica. So we

Nursing Information Systems Survey

Nursing Information Systems Survey Study of Nursing Information Systems (NIS) in teaching hospital of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Leila Erfannial Msc1,Yousef Mehdipour PhD 1,Afsaneh Karimi Msc 1,Ayeshe Zarei Bs 1,Nahid Mehrabi Msc 2 ABSTRACT Purpose: Nurses are one of the biggest providers in health industry that effect directly on health service quality and outcomes. Nurses need correct information in correct time to have an effective service for patient and other member of health society. Nursing information system (NIS) is subsystem of hospital information system that can help nurse to have better performances. The main goal of this study is evaluation of nursing information system in teaching hospital of Zahedan according standard criteria. Materials and Methods: This research is based on a descriptive – cross sectional study that has done on 2013.Nursing information system of 4 teaching hospital in Zahedan were evaluated. For data gathering, we use a checklist that its reliability and validity was verified. Results: According our result, NIS of our study has met 42.19% of priority in general scopes, 72.33% for nursing data set, none of them had classification system standards. They had 45% of nursing data register priorities and 61.12% of report requirement was met. Conclusion: According our system weakness in general aspects, data register and data classification, we propose educational package such as workshops, classes and bulletin for nurses in hospitals toward optimal using of NIS. In other hand , provide nurses with enough hardware requirements , management supervision on using system , provide NIS systems by nursing classification standards and contribution of nurses in selection and implementation of this system is suggested. Keywords: nursing information system; hospital information system; nurse INTRODUCTION There is an increasing growth in information production in different sciences and theqnics, so the management of these volumes of information is very difficult. Information technology is a useful tool for management and useful application of this information. Health industry has faced with increasing rate of information generation that are multiple and complicated in nature1. So health information technology can help this high-demanded industry to manage information. Health information systems are some kinds of tools that integrate and communicate patient data and information and also can process the data and make some new information2. Nurses are one of the biggest providers in health industry that effect directly on health service quality and outcomes. Nurses need correct information in correct time to have an effective service for patient and other member of health society3. Nursing information system (NIS) are subsystem of hospital information system that can help nurse to have better performances, more nursing knowledge and make available data and information for nurses to have a role in health policy making and also decision making around health society and patients4. Furthermore, NIS can participate in hospital information process so lead to a better communication between health care team in hospital 5 . Margaretconclude that using NIS in hospital has a positive effect on information quality that provide by nurses6 .Ammenwerth state that NIS lead to better and more complete documentation of patient information and also better quality of information process5 .Toolabi in her study conclude that optimization of hospital information system would lead to a significant progress in nursing care average and better communication between nurses , patient and health care team and consequently patient more truth to health system ,health services and nurses, more patient family satisfaction and at the end , decrease patient claims7. Zahedan, the capital city of a province in southeast of Iran uses hospital information system in teaching hospital. Nursing information system is one this system module that use in these hospitals. So the basic objective of this study is to evaluate Nursing information system according standard indexes in four sections: general specification of systems, nursing data set , nursing nomenclature and classification specification , documentation registration and reporting specification of systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is based on a descriptive – cross sectional study that has done on 2013.nursing information system of 4 teaching hospital in Zahedan were evaluated. For data gathering, we use a checklist that its reliability and validity was verified. Checklist has 5 section at whole: section 1 has some questions about the system, vendor and some general information about NIS module, section 2 was about general specification of nursing information system. The questions has two answers yes or no.this section involve 23 question about patient care process,11 about ward management process, 10 about communication process and 1 question research and education process.in section 3 , we have some questions about nursing data set that involve 5 question about nursing care data specification, 15 about patient data specification and 14 about service providing data specifications. Section 4 has some question about nursing nomenclature and classification data specification with 25 questions and in section 5 nursing data, registration and reporting requirements were evaluated by 6 questions about personnelreport, 14 questions about clinical report and 3 about financial report. The researchers attended in hospitals and by deep interviewing and also direct observation of systems, gather information and register in checklists. Supervisor of hospital, health information technologist and some professional nurse who uses NIS and familiar with the potential of system was interviewed; furthermore, during interview the researchers can observe the NIS and its functions. After gathering information, we use descriptive statistics to analysis our data by using Excel 2010 tables. RESULTS According our study, general specification of our NIS was evaluated in 5 aspects and 4 hospitals.(table 1) At whole, the frequency of patient care process data specification was 44/56%, ward management data specification was 31.81%, communication process data specification 47.5% and education and research data specification was 50% in our society research. Nursing data set was evaluated in 4 aspects in 4 hospitals: nursing care data set , patient data set, service data set (table 2) According our study , nursing care data set specification was 40% , patient data set specification was 71.66% and service data set specification was 84%. None of our NIS , has nursing classification standards specification data. Data registration and reporting specification data was evaluated in 4 aspects.(table 3) DISCUSSION Information technology making a great service for nurses to perform their tasks8. According our result, by using NIS in all hospital, nurses can receive patient demographic data from admission,discharge,and transmission (ADT) system of hospitals and also can register of different request such as laboratory tests, radiology and pharmacy services. And also they can observe laboratory and radiology results. But none of NIS support nursing evidence based and alert variances from normal patterns. According Ammenwerthstudy, after using information systems, nurses report more quickly patient data documentation, better information monitoring and progress in patient information legibility5. Kossman state that electronic health record implementation in hospital lead to decrease inter-department communication and promote critical thinking between nurses9. Making electronic communication between different parts of hospital is one of the most important capabilities of hospital information systems. According our study, by using nursing information system, in all hospital, nurses can schedule the admission of patients in their wards. Nurses in hospitals can access to information in every place of hospital. In hospital Cand D , nurses can transmit all information by NIS when changing their shifts. According Hinsonstudy , using NIS would lead to the time increasethat nurses spend on patient direct care (10.66%) ,verbal communication 19.33% decrease and mean time for reviewing data 8.9% increase10. Standard NIS needs nursing concepts standards and nursing data standards3. Without unified nursing language , internal data integration and external connection of information would disappear when information are shared and also there would be some problem for clinical decision support.in other hand , nursing information are unstructured generally , so if we don’t use a standard unified language , the retrieval of information would be difficult11. Result of our study show that, none of NIS in Zahedan hospital use standard nursing classification. This issue is very similar to Ahmadi research, they suggest standard nursing classification system for standardization of nursing data and concept to facilities retrieval of information that register in nursing information system12. All NIS in our study, register patient demographic data , nursing diagnostic data and data about service provided by nurses can record ECG data.in hospital C and D , patient vital signs and input-output liquid balance data , can enter to the terminal near patient bed. Anderson state that a standard nursing data set should involve nursing diagnostic data , nursing intervention , nursing outcome and intensity of nursing services and declare , by using such standard data set , management of nursing service cost , supporting of resources that allocated to the nurses , nursing knowledge developed and at the end nursing nursing profession would be promoted13. Making different reports is one of basic management capability of nursing information system that can provide valuable information about personnel productivity, budget management and nursing workload management in different shifts14. In hospital A,B and D , NIS making schedule for personnelshifts. All NIS , can make clinical reports such as laboratory and pathology report and reports about admitted or discharged patients. In Ahmadi study, reporting specification data was met 20.4%,63.5% and 85.2% in personnel , clinical and financial reports4. CONCLUSION Nurses have a great role in health care systems so documentation of their services would be very easy by using nursing information system.so if we want to implement an effective NIS , at first , we should implement a powerful HIS as an infrastructure for any hospital ward subsystem. Nurses are the biggest group of NIS users , so nurses computer literature promotion , has an important role in success and acceptance of NIS. So educational workshop and classes for nurses in hospital would be helpful to make better utilization of nursing information system also increasing inter-hospital communication between nurses and health information technologist would have a helpful tool for transmitting professional knowledge between these groups. Using nurse’s knowledge and skills in all phase electronic system development and implementation and courage electronic health systems developer to use this knowledge in their production is an essential item for successfulness of NIS and systems li ke that. Since we don’t have any national nursing standard classification and nomenclature , prepare , provide an standard unified system according national requirements is another important factor for implementation and usage of NIS and at whole , establishment some professional workshop that has different different profession such as nursing , health information technology , policy making and so on , to start and monitored special effort about nursing information system requirement , development and implementation is very important. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to nurses and health information technologist of educational hospital affiliated to Zahedan University of medical sciences who kindly participated in this study. REFERENCES 1.Bitaraf E, Riazy G. comprehensive hospital information system. iranian ministry of health,care and education 2006. 2.Yoder-wise PS. Leading and Managing in Nursing. second ed: St. Louis: Mosby; 1999. 3.Organization PAH, Organization WH. BuildingStandard-BasedNursing Information Systems. Washington: PAHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data; 2000. 4.Ahmadi M, Habibi Koolaee M. Nursing Information Systems in Iran. HAKIM. 2010 5.Ammenwerth E, Rauchegger F, Ehlers F, Hirsch B, Schaubmayr C. Effect of a nursing information system on the quality of information processing in nursing: An evaluation study using the HIS-monitor instrument. International journal of medical informatics. 2011;80(1):25-38. 6.Verkerke M. Information Quality of a Nursing Information Systemdepends on the nurses: A combined quantitative andqualitative evaluation. international journal of medical informatics 2012;81:662–73. 7.Toolabi T, Vanaki Z, Memarian, improving hospital information system in cardial care unit, yafteh. 2012;14(5):83-92 8.Sadeghi R. Informatics applying in nursing; education, research and care. Iranian Quarterly of Education Strategies. 2012;5(3):199-206 9.Kossman SP. Perceptions of impact of electronic healthrecords on nurses’ work. healthtechnology information. 2006;122:337-41. 10.Hinson DK, Huether SE, Blaufuss JA, Neiswanger M, Tinker A, Meyer KJ, et al., editors. Measuring the impact of a clinical nursing information system on one nursing unit. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium onComputer Application in Medical Care; 1993: American Medical Informatics Association. 11.BowlesKH. the barriers and benefits of nursing information system. computer in nursing. 1997;15(4):191-6. 12.Ahmadi M, Rafiee F, Hosseini F, Habibi kolaee M. information and structure requirements for nursing data classification in computerized systems. hayat. 2011;17(1):16-23 13.Anderson B, Hannah KJ. A Canadian nursing minimum data set: a major priority. Canadian journal of nursing administration. 1992;6(2):7-13. 14.Sadoughi F, Ghazisaeid M, Mehraji M, Kimiafar Kh. health information management technology. first edition ed. Tehran: Jafari; 2011. Table1.frequency percentage of NIS general data specification in different hospital D C B A 17/52% 95/86% 73/21% 39/17% Patient care process 63/63% 36/36% 09/9% 18/18% Ward management process 50% 90% 30% 20% Communication process 100% 100% 0 0 Education and research process Table2.frequency percentage of nursing data set in different hospital. D C B A 60% 100% 0 0 Nursing care data set 60% 33/93% 60% 33/73% Patient data set 85/92% 57/78% 57/78% 71/85% Provided services data set Table3.frequency percentage of reporting data specification in different hospital. D C B A 33/33% 0 100% 33/83% Personnel report 71/85% 28/64% 28/64% 71/35% Clinical report 0 100% 100% 0 Financial report

Censorship Laws and Practices in China Essay -- Internet Cyberspace Ce

Censorship Laws and Practices in China Introduction China joined the global Internet age in 1994, and has been commercially available since 1995. Since then, Chinese Internet usage has seen explosive growth, doubling every six months, and the number of online users is only second to the US. The Internet age ushered in the information age with a new world of freedom and expression for the Chinese. However, soon after its inception, the Chinese government has reined in the free wheeling Internet users and has imposed new laws and restrictions to access and content on the Internet. It is interesting to note that some of the new Internet regulations contradict International Laws signed by the Chinese government. China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1998 that states that â€Å"Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print†¦or through any other media of his choice†. Overview of China’s Internet Censorship Practices Since the internet's inception in China, regulations have been in place in order to protect â€Å"state secrets†. The first such law was the â€Å"Safety and Protection Regulations for Computer Information Systems†1 put into place in 1994. This law opened the door for monitoring of Internet usage for criminal and other activities. In 1997, the â€Å"Computer Information Network and Internet Security, Protection and Management Regulations† strengthened the monitoring by requiring all Internet Service Providers in China to turn over monthly Internet traffic data to government’s Public Security Bureau. The new millennium ushe... ...lobal: Censorship On The Rise- Freedom House Study Finds More Government Efforts To Curb The Net http://www.itaa.org/isec/pubs/e20007-5.pdf 6.Rights & Democracy- Review of China's Internet Regulations and Domestic Legislation http://www.ichrdd.ca/english/commdoc/publications/globalization/legislationInternetChinaEng.pdf 7.A Gift of Fire, A: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in Computing, by Sara Baase 8.Internet Privacy http://www.e-businessethics.com/internet.htm 9.China's Cyberwall Nearly Concrete http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,56195,00.html 10.Chilling Effects of Anti-Terrorism http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Terrorism_militias/antiterrorism_chill.html 11.Control of the Internet in China, by Keasha Martindill, November 2013 http://journalism.berkeley.edu/projects/chinadn/en/archives/Control%20of%20the%20Internet%20in%20China.doc

How Groups Can Influence People in Positive and Negative Ways Essay

Groups influence people in positive and negative ways. Looking at research and studies we will see how the roles we play in groups can influence our behaviour. We will see how groups we gravitate to help raise our self-esteem and give us a sense of belonging but at the same time how conflict is created with other groups. Groups we belong to help to give us a sense of identity but we will see how we can lose this as we conform to group behaviour and the impact this can have. Finally, we will look at Kondo’s research and how changing cultures slowly changed her identity and how this affected her on her journey emphasising her positive and negative influences. As we grow we will have many social identities which influence the groups we belong to. These groups can range from friends to family and further out to groups like nationality and ethnicity. Within these groups we have different roles to play which influence our behaviour. A controversial experiment by Zimbardo (1971) (Spoors et al.) shows how a groups of males were separated into two groups of guards and prisoners in a make shift prison. After six days of a two week experiment it was stopped. The guards became abusive while the prisoners showed signs of emotional disturbance. Lots of factors could have influenced the participant’s behaviour but this experiment shows us the effect that roles have on us in a group and how quick we are to adapt to them. We see how an individual can turn abusive and also how individuals can be walked over an abused. Regarding Zimbardo’s experiment we can identify two groups. Psychologists call these our ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups. Evidence suggests our ‘in group’ raises our self-esteem, we gain a sense of belonging, identification and a sense of status. Our ‘in group’ also gives us an opportunity to compare with our ‘out group’ this can create conflict as an us and them divide is formed. Positively we show favour to our ‘in group’ and negatively we discriminate against our ‘out group’. Tajfel et al. (1971) (Spoors et al.) showed this when he assigned teenage boys to a ‘virtual group’ that did not exist. The boys still showed favouritism to their ‘in group’. We see this behaviour in an experiment conducted by Sherif et al. (1961) (Spoors et al.). He set two sets of boys in a summer camp into groups. Separately the groups interacted, group norms were followed, they joked and had secret codes. The groups were set against each other in competition and within their own groups co-operation and loyalty were heightened but hostility, aggression and prejudiced was seen between the groups. Observing Sherif’s study we see positively how group members found a sense of belonging in their own group and how loyalty and co-operation were heightened by competition. Negatively we see their behaviour changing when clashing against their ‘out group’ becoming hostile, aggressive and prejudiced. Prejudism against our ‘out group’ bolsters self-esteem as it allows us to see other groups as inferior. We feel safe and part of our ‘in group’ but through group pressure we may conform to the rest of the group and the sense of identity we gained we could start to lose as we become more influenced by the rest of the group. Asch (1951) (Spoors et al.) looked at this and conducted an experiment on conformity. Participants had to match two lines out of a group of four that were similar in length with a group of other people. Participants conformed with the group who deliberately gave wrong answers. This was repeated and seventy five per cent of participants gave a wrong answer at least once. Asch’s experiment shows the influence of group pressure. Negatively this influence can have disastrous implications. Spoors et al. (2011) use the example of the ‘Heavens Gate’ cult. Thirty nine of their members committed suicide believing their souls would be transported to a spaceship behind Hale Bop comet. Psychological factors need to be recognised but would they have acted this way left to their own devices? Positively Asch’s experiment shows us how we like to feel part of a group and not left out. Society would be chaos if people did not conform to some degree. Just going to the cinema and being quiet we are conforming to the silence so others are not offended. Cultures will have an influence on conformity as Collectivist cultures emphasise groups more than Individualist cultures so all depending where we live in the world cultures influence our behaviour in groups. As our behaviour changes so will our own social identities and this can finally lead us onto research by Dorinne Kondo (1990) (Spoors et al.) Dorinne Kondo was a Japanese American raised in the U.S.A. She moved to Japan to take part in research involving participant-observational study moving in with a Japanese family. Over time she found her American identity diminishing and her new identity flourishing encountering both positive and negative influences on her journey. Negatively she describes being confronted with bewilderment, embarrassment even anger on her linguistical mistakes and when conforming wrongly to Japanese customs also when ‘proper’ behaviour meant she had to behave subserviently. She describes her conflicts surrounding expectations of gender especially her role as a young woman. Positively she describes being left with a warm positive feeling to her live in family when being affirmed for behaving with proper Japanese etiquette. After time she found herself losing her American identity. In her tea ceremony class she explains her awkward, exaggerated western movements had been replaced with Japanese grace. Kondo’s research demonstrates the positive and negative influences we encounter in different cultures and how they can change us as a person as our identities evolve. We have seen how groups can influence people in both positive and negative ways. Zimbardo’s prison experiment shows us how quick we take up roles in a group and the extent to which we act out these roles. Sherif’s summer camp study shows how we look for a sense of belonging and to raise our self-esteem in a group but how we discriminate when conflict is created. These same groups who we look to for affirmation can influence us so greatly we will make the wrong decisions. We have also seen from research how different cultures can influence our positive and negative behaviour in groups and the impact this has on us as our identities evolve.

System Design and Analysis Presentation Essays

System Design and Analysis Presentation Essays System Design and Analysis Presentation Essay System Design and Analysis Presentation Essay A Project proposal on An Information System solution for [name of the system] By: [List of Names:Id No] Background [Include a mission statement if available. If no formal mission statement exists, create a proposed mission statement based on what you know about the organization. List organization/business goals, values/objectives/critical success factors. If written material is available from your source, use it with attribution. If none is available, say so and list your best guess at what they would be, based on information you have obtained. If company reports, brochures or websites exist with this information, include those documents in the workbook and simply refer to them. Do not waste time rewriting material that is readily available. Describe the organization type (business, government, non-profit), industry (retail, manufacturing, professional services, etc. ), a description of product and/or services, and customers (internal and external). Provide a brief history, including years in operations. Describe size, by whatever measures are appropriate: total revenues, employees, profits, size relative to industry or competitors, etc. (use estimates if necessary, but identify them as such. Include significant history, growth, decline or reorganization. Compare or contrast with the organization’s industry if relevant. Include management expectations for future changes and/or growth, significant competitive threats and significant opportunities, if any. Discuss potential impact of government regulations and/or economic changes. Characterize employees by experience, skills and attitude if possible. If employee turnover or difficulty in hiring skilled employees is an issue, say so. ). If transactions are involved, describe them by volume, seasonality, complexity, uniformity or whatever other characteristics are appropriate. If you find additional information not already listed that helps to understand the organization, include it. This part has to do with the listings of the major business activities of the organization under question. Include an organization chart. It is not necessary to list names unless key individuals need to be identified. The goal should be to understand the organizations structure and key stakeholders. Note that the organization structure is sometimes considered a private internal document. Diagrams plus supporting text. Provide a high level generalized description of the existing system you are to study. Describe the significant subsystems that are within the scope of your study, their inter-relationships, dependencies, and interfaces to each other and to the environment. This diagram will be reviewed to ensure the scope of your study is not too broad. And, the particular problems identified so that the new system that you are thinking of can handle] Chapter Two The Existing System Describe the project briefly, including the scope and the expected outcome. How many people/workstations would access the system? How many might be accessing it concurrently? List the business objectives (the business reasons for doing the project). For each objective, explain the following: Describe the objective. Is this a new or existing objective? If new, does it enhance any existing objectives? Support new ones? Does it replace or contradict any previous objectives? Explain how. Does it add any value, business or other, such as improved service; cost reduction, improved data access? Explain. Why does this project need to be addressed at this time? What other projects, if any, are dependent upon the completion of this one? Chapter Three The Proposed Solution Describe potential solutions, if any were discussed. What business functionality was discussed, but excluded from this project? What client resources will be available for analysis and design? What are the time constraints- include earliest possible start date, required completion date, business cycles that affect testing, training, or implementation? (Optional) List any known technology constraints. Recommended Resources: Suggest one or two people to represent your department in the preliminary planning phase of this project. The preliminary planning team should include a high-level representative (project sponsor) and one or more people who actually use the processes included in this project. Rough Cost Estimate: Estimate the (actual) size of the project, in light of manpower and time. Based on the size of the project, estimate the minimum and maximum cost of the project. Note: Project scheduling tools (as in Microsoft Project or System Architect) could be used if available. Group members will work on requirements determination; phase II of the project, once the proposal is approved by the instructor. Submitted to: The Department of Applied Computer Science City University College December 2010

Eating Habits essays

Eating Habits essays In Hispanic countries their eating habits are a lot different then our eating habits in the American culture. Their days begin with a small breakfast, not important a very quick and simple meal usually consist of maybe a roll with butter and coffee with hot milk. However, the most important meal of the day is lunch time they go all out unlike ours which is supper time. Their main meal is served between 1:00 and 3:00 in the afternoon. Since this is the most important meal of the day it is customary for the parent/s and children to leave work or school to attend this meal. After the meal there is a set time for a rest period. They rest and get back to doing whatever they were doing to begin with. In the early evening they have a light snack, maybe a sandwich or coffee and rolls. This is mostly for the children. The last meal of the day is a small super it is served as late as 9:00 p.m. Hispanic families dont eat out very often especially not for their mid day meal. However, they are starting to eat out more often. Hispanics that move to the United States they attend to adopt the three meal system. Most Hispanics like to keep their traditional eating habits. They prefer spicy foods (but not mixed with sweets), mainly dishes with beans, tortillas, meat, and rice. Employees will traditionally cook their own meals, but will take advantage of days off to take their family to a nice restaurant. Some people dont know that in Hispanics about one-third of all their cancers may be diet related. A diet low in fat, high in fiber, and rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of some major types of cancer. The seventh leading cause of death in Hispanics is diabetes, it is often linked to the eating habits of Hispanics. Hispanics live with weird eating habits that always good for them. They only eat one main meal a day which is lunch. ...

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English - Essay Example It could be an advantage to the agency to dismiss her as it will protect the agency from any further leaks from McCarthy. Another reason I can find for firing McCarthy is the fact that her action broke the agreement of secrecy required by any agent of the CIA. (Shrader,) Again, this means that McCarthy cannot be trusted; however this may not be reason enough to dismiss her. A disadvantage of firing McCarthy is that the media will most likely support McCarthy as it is favorable for the media to take the side of someone who is apparently being fired unfairly. Also, the President may not agree as his interests don't always agree with those of the CIA, according to Senator Menendez. (Shrader) In order to avoid opposition from the president and from the media I feel it might be best to place McCarthy under probation and if it is found she is not to be trusted I will have a solid reason to dismiss McCarthy. I failed one polygraph test and now my job is on the line. (Shrader) I'm sure they want to fire me. I need to gather my thoughts together and analyze this situation. I've already confessed the leak and that could work in my favor. I also need to determine what reasons the agency may have for firing me and not firing me and act accordingly.

Socilogy of Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socilogy of Organisation - Essay Example The term 'power' is obtained from the French term 'poeir' which implies 'being able to take action'. Power is characterised by the ability to carry out or proceed efficiently inclusive of the situational context where not to proceed is considered as most effectual. In a democratic framework, power is essentially categorised against itself, in the archetypal tripartite segmentation of power in governmental, executive and legal power, for example. In modern pluralistic democracies the distribution of power has further implication which is particularly not restricted to the dominion of formal politics. Issues of power concern to languages, communication, promotion, technologies, sciences, fashions, designs, management and varieties of other fields. Evidently, it can be concluded that 'power is everywhere' in terms of relational definition of power attributing to omnipresence, multiplication and dynamism, not restricted to the 'centres of power', as prevalent in legislative organizations and political institutions, for instance. Power is an important aspect of organizational analysis. ... r, in organizational analysis the primary emphasis is on 'power over' in which coercion put prominence on asymmetrical framework while commanding over on resources, like possession on the mode of fabrication, and consent, on the other hand, put stresses on authorities as 'gripping power' revealing a control over all the resources for and after production. There are several numbers of classifications explaining the inferences power over another - the phenomenon is defined as 'forms of power' as described by Russell (1938), subcategorised fundamentally in two headings - - Influence over individuals - Psychological types of influence (Russell, 1938). While understanding the function of an organizational structure, the fundamental methodologies employed to understand the implementation of power need to be recognized. The forms of influence, in practice, are broken down into three general subtypes - - The power of Force and coercion - The power of Inducement and group conformity - The power of Propaganda and/or practice On the other hand, the psychological influences can be subdivided into three distinctive forms such as - - Traditional - Revolutionary - Naked These subtypes can be overlapped with the forms of influences in certain given contexts, for instance, naked power can be trimmed down into coercion alone. Coercion is found to be affected by the influence of carceral power, which is essentially characterised by the experience of agents as 'imprisoned' by virtue of the use of power as a force, as described by Marx, or the attainability of the knowledge of its ability (Weber). Resistance may be overcome by the presence of compliance, which is known as subjectification as 'power through' rather than the presence of naked use of power at the form coercion, which is